Purpose | Quantibody? Human Cytokine Array 5 Kit. Detects 40 Human Cytokines. Suitable for all liquid sample types. |
Brand | Quantibody? |
Sample Type | Body Fluids, Cell Culture Supernatant, Plasma, Serum, Cell Lysate, Tissue Lysate |
Analytical Method | Quantitative |
Detection Method | Fluorometric |
Specificity | Adiponectin (ACRP30), Adipsin (Complement Factor D), Alpha-fetoprotein, ANGPTL4, Beta-2 Microglobulin, BCAM, CA125, CA15-3, CEA, CRP (C-Reactive Protein), ErbB2, Ferritin, FSH, GRO alpha (CXCL1), HCG beta, IGF-1 R, IL-1 R2, IL-3, IL-18 R beta (AcPL), IL-21, Leptin, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13, NCAM-1 (CD56), Nidogen-1, NSE, Oncostatin M, Procalcitonin, Prolactin, PSA-free, Siglec-9, TACE, Thyroglobulin, TIMP-4, TSH |
Characteristics |
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Components |
Glass Chip with antibody arrays Sample Diluent Lyophilized protein standard mix Detection antibody cocktail Streptavidin-Fluorescent dye Wash buffer |
Material not included |
Distilled or deionized water Small plastic boxes or containers Pipettors, pipette tips and other common lab consumables Orbital shaker or oscillating rocker Aluminum foil Gene microarray scanner or similar laser fluorescence scanner |
Background | Cytokines play an important role in innate immunity, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell growth and differentiation. They are involved in interactions between different cell types, cellular responses to environmental conditions, and maintenance of homeostasis. In addition, cytokines are also involved in most disease processes, including cancer and cardiac diseases. The traditional method for cytokine detection and quantification is through the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent array (ELISA). In this method, target protein is first immobilized to a solid support. The immobilized protein is then complexed with an antibody that is linked to an enzyme. Detection of the enzyme-complex can then be visualized through the use of a substrate that produces a detectable signal. While the traditional method works well for a single protein, the overall procedure is time consuming and requires a lot of sample. With little sample to work with, conservation of precious small quantities becomes a risky task. Take the advantage of advancement in microarray technology over the last decade, more and more choices are available to the scientist today. A long-standing leader in the field, Raybiotech, has pioneered the development of cytokine antibody arrays, which has now been widely applied in the research community with hundreds of peer reviewed publications such as in Cell and Nature. Quantibody? array, our quantitative array platform, uses the multiplexed sandwich ELISA-based technology and enables researchers to accurately determine the concentration of multiple cytokines simultaneously. It combines the advantages of the high detection sensitivity / specificity of ELISA and the high throughput of the arrays. Like a traditional sandwich- based ELISA, it uses a pair of cytokine specific antibodies for detection. A capture antibody is first bound to the glass surface. After incubation with the sample, the target cytokine is trapped on the solid surface. A second biotin- labeled detection antibody is then added, which can recognize a different isotope of the target cytokine. The cytokine-antibody-biotin complex can then be visualized through the addition of the streptavidin-labeled Cy3 equivalent dye using a laser scanner. Unlike the traditional ELISA, Quantibody products use array format. By arraying multiple cytokine specific capture antibodies onto a glass support, multiplex detection of cytokines in one experiment is made possible. In detail, one standard glass slide is spotted with 16 wells of identical cytokine antibody arrays. Each antibody, together with the positive controls is arrayed in quadruplicate. The slide comes with a 16-well removable gasket which allows for the process of 16 samples in one slide. Four slide chips can be nested into a tray, which matches a standard microplate and allows for automated robotic high throughput process of 64 arrays simultaneously. For cytokine quantification, the array specific cytokine standards, whose concentration has been predetermined, are provided to generate a standard curve for each cytokine. In a real experiment, standard cytokines and samples will be assayed in each array simultaneously through a sandwich ELISA procedure. By comparing signals from unknown samples to the standard curve, the cytokine concentration in the samples will be determined. Quantibody? array kits have been confirmed to have similar detection sensitivity as traditional ELISA. Our current high density Quantibody kits allow scientists to quantitatively determine the concentration of 240 human or 120 mouse cytokines in a single experiment. This is not only one of the most efficient products on the market for cytokine quantification, but makes it more affordable for quantification of large number of proteins. Simultaneous detection of multiple cytokines undoubtedly provides a powerful tool for drug and biomarker discovery. |
Application Notes | Completely cover array area with sample or buffer during incubation. Avoid foaming during incubation steps. Perform all incubation and wash steps under gentle rocking or rotation. Cover the incubation chamber with adhesive film during incubation, particularly when incubation is more than 2 hours or <70?μl 6="" 7="" 10="" 13="" of="" sample="" or="" reagent="" is="" used.="" several="" incubation="" steps="" such="" as="" step="" (blocking),="" (sample="" incubation),="" (detection="" antibody="" (cy3="" equivalent="" dyestreptavidin="" incubation)="" may="" be="" done="" overnight="" at="" 4?°c.="" please="" make="" sure="" to="" cover="" the="" chamber="" tightly="" prevent="" evaporation.="" <="" td=""> 70?μl> |
Comment |
The Quantibody arrays are quantitative multiplex ELISA arrays featuring fluorescent detection. The antibodies are spotted on glass slide solid supports and require a laser scanner for data collection. Cytokine standards are provided with the array for calculation of target protein concentrations. |
Sample Volume | 100 μL |
Assay Time | 6 h |
Plate | Glass Slide |
Protocol |
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Sample Preparation |
Use serum-free conditioned media if possible. If serum-containing conditioned media is required, it is highly recommended that complete medium be used as a control since many types of sera contains cytokines. We recommend the following parameters for your samples: 50 to 100 l of original or diluted serum, plasma, cell culture media, or other body fluid, or 50-500 g/ml of protein for cell and tissue lysates. If you experience high background or the readings exceed the detection range, further dilution of your sample is recommended. |
Assay Procedure |
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Calculation of Results |
Data extraction can be done using the GAL file that is specific for this array along with the microarray analysis software (GenePix, ScanArray Express, ArrayVision, MicroVigene, etc.). |
Assay Precision | Reproducibility: CV < 20% |
Restrictions | For Research Use only |
Handling Advice | Do not touch the surface of the slides, as the microarray slides are very sensitive. Hold the slides by the edges only. Handle all buffers and slides with powder free gloves. Handle glass slide/s in clean environment. The Quantibody slides do not have bar codes. To help distinguish one slide from another, transcribe the slide serial number from the slide bag to the back of the slide with an ultra-fine point permanent marker. Please Note:Red permanent marker can significantly interfere with fluorescent signal detection. We recommend marking your slides with a green, blue or black ultra-fine point permanent marker. Please write the number on the very bottom edge of the slide. Do not write on the arrayed well areas. |
Storage | -20 °C |
Storage Comment | For best results, store the entire kit frozen at -20°C upon arrival. Stored frozen, the kit will be stable for at least 6 months which is the duration of the product warranty period. Once thawed, store array slide(s), standard mix, detection antibody cocktail, and Cy3-Conjugated Streptavidin at -20°C and all other reagents undiluted at 4°C for no more than 3 months. |
Expiry Date | 6 months |
Supplier Images |
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Product cited in: |
Bartolini, Inzitari, Castagnoli, Amaducci: "Correlation of isotopic cisternographic patterns in multiple sclerosis with CSF IgG values." in: Annals of neurology, Vol. 12, Issue 5, pp. 486-9, 1983 (PubMed).
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